Farewell to Farms by Deborah Fahy Bryceson Vali Jamal

Author:Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Vali Jamal [Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Vali Jamal]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781138335509
Barnesnoble:
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2019-06-05T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

* I am very grateful to Willem Veerman for providing the quantitative data used in this chapter.

1. In each agro-ecological zone, two villages were selected, one in Kilifi and one in Kwale. The three zones are: the coconut-cassava zone (CL3, with about 1,100-1,200 mm of rainfall per year); the cashewnut-cassava zone (CL4, 900-1,100 mm); and the livestock-millet zone (CL5, 600-900 mm) (Jaetzold & Schmidt 1983).

2. Exchange rate of the Kenya shilling in 1985 was 16 shillings to one US dollar.

3. This category also includes casual labour in town and casual labour on estates and plantations, since these two types of casual labour appeared to be of a temporary nature, i.e. often for a period of several months. Moreover, the average incomes are also comparable with those from temporary employment. Where casual labour is mentioned in the text it refers only to rural casual labour, which consists almost exclusively of agricultural work on neighbouring farms during peak labour periods.

4. At first sight, it may appear rather surprising to find one-quarter of the rural casual labourers working in Mombasa. However Mombasa refers to Mombasa District, i.e. Mombasa town and the peri-urban area surrounding it. Commercial farming, i.e. the production of vegetables, fruit, etc. for the city market is common in the latter area, offering employment opportunities during peak seasons.

5. In absolute amounts, however, the value of food production in middle-income households was 70 per cent and in high-income households 155 per cent higher than in the low-income households. The same applies to the third source of income, i.e. cash crops and livestock.

6. For instance, in May/June 1986, i.e. in the peak labour period during the long rainy season, three-quarters of the energy intake of low-income households came from purchased food (Niemeijer, Foeken & Klaver 1991).

7. The 46.2 per cent of the men working in Mombasa are not the same as the 46.2 per cent with a regular job (see Table 1). The same applies to the 14.8 per cent of the women.

8. If the figures had not been corrected for residency, the difference would have been even greater.

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